1. Home
  2. Proprietary Materials & Services
  3. Interfacial Materials
  4. P-24

P-24 — Hole Transport Material

P-24 is designed to replace conventional SAMs, eliminating the need for a NiOx bottom contact.

Role
HTM
Material type
Polymer
Solvent system
Aromatic
LUMO / HOMO
N.A. / −5.04
Device architecture
n-i-p & p-i-n
Power conversion efficiency
24.5%

p-i-n, 0.1 cm² cell

HTM · Polymer

P-24

P-24 is a polymeric hole transport material. It can be used as the hole transport layer (HTL) in both n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cell architectures. For n-i-p devices, P-24 is deposited using conventional solution-coating techniques. For p-i-n devices, the P-24 HTL is designed to replace the conventional self-assembled monolayer. It eliminates the need for a NiOx bottom contact while maintaining excellent interfacial performance. P-24 is compatible with perovskite layers deposited by either vacuum- or solution-based processes.

Measured performance vs PTAA (PCE 24.0%), 0.1 cm² cell

Vₒᴄ
1.175V
Jₛᴄ
25.3mA/cm²
FF
82.4%
PCE
24.5%

Typical device architecture

GlassITOP-24PVSKPassivationPCBMBCPAg
Layer stack of a P-24 device showing glass, ITO, transport layers, perovskite absorber, passivation and electrode.
Device data

Measured performance of P-24

Data measured on 0.1 cm² cells in our partner laboratories.

Energy level alignment for P-24.
Energy level alignmentValence and conduction band positions of the perovskite absorber against the transport material.
p-i-n device architecture for P-24.
p-i-n device architectureCurrent density – voltage characteristics together with the inverted layer stack.
n-i-p device architecture for P-24.
n-i-p device architectureCurrent density – voltage characteristics together with the normal layer stack.

Processing notes

  • For n-i-p devices, P-24 is deposited by conventional solution coating: Glass / FTO / SnO₂ / Passivation / P-24 HTL / Ag, giving Vₒᴄ = 1.150 V, Jₛᴄ = 25.7 mA/cm², FF = 80.4%, PCE = 23.7%.

Evaluate P-24 in your own devices

We supply evaluation quantities together with a specification sheet so your team can qualify the material under your own conditions.